The Harvard University

To be what we are today, we all have our own stories to tell and personal struggles and sacrifices that we make. Some times we are just luck. Different legislators belong to different political parties so do their views, principles and backgrounds. We are going to examine two prominent personalities. First, let us look at senator Barrack Peters who is a son of an African migrant. Senator Barrack was borne forty six years ago in Illions state, his father was an African migrant who had gone in America and acquired an American citizenship then he married an American wife.As a child Barrack went to American school and performed well. He got a scholarship and proceeded to study law at the Harvard University. Where he was actively involved in students’ leadership and was the president of student union at the university. After graduating with an honors degree, Barrack worked for an American civil society group. He later joined a famous law firm called Young, Lawrence and associates w here he worked in the civil cases department. It is here that he met his wife Julia, who was working with another law firm as a clerk. After working here for ten years he left and formed his own law firm.During the same period he also got involved in politics and decided to join the democrats. His friends and wife encouraged him to go an elective position. During the next election he contested for the senator seat on a democrat ticket and was elected with a land slide. On the other hand, let us examine senator Arnold Sorio, a man who nobody imagined could be a senator. Arnold was borne fifty years ago, he was the sixth in a family of eight, his parents were very poor and his father used to work in a coal mine. The mother washed dishes in a near by hotel to supplement the father.As a child Arnold knew that everything was a struggle, he had to work as child assisting the mother in her duties at the hotel and at the same time attend school. So he went joined high school, he had to take part time jobs to pay fees as his parents could not afford to pay him. He managed to finish and joined college. In college he studied arts and drama as he loved acting and music. He had always dreamed to be an actor as this made him forget the hard times he was experiencing. After college Arnold joined a local drama group and performed in local hotels.The money he earned was very little and with pressure from his parents to assist them he couldn’t manage. Arnold decided to try his luck in Los Angles where he went. Life here become very difficult has he could not get a breakthrough to the movies where he really wanted to be. He was forced to do odd jobs to make ends meet. Two years later at thirty he got a chance to play a small role in a movie that was being shot in Los angles. The producer of the movie was so much impressed with his acting, and promised to give him a bigger role in a movie he was producing next.Soon Arnold was being sought by many film producers and he beca me a house hold name. It was with a big surprise when Arnold announced that he was quitting acting and the big screen and he is joining the Republican Party and that he was going to contest the New York seat as a senator. Every body thought what a joke an actor being a senator! But then Arnold did his home work nicely and beat his other contenders and he his now Senator Arnold Sorio. The senator is married to a former model Miss Brittney and has two beautiful daughters. These two senators have a different background and are in opposite political parties.They have different perspective of looking at national issues. Take war in Iraq, Senator Barrack believes that this war should not have happened, that American need to pull out its troops as soon as possible, as the war is draining the country resources both financial and in terms of personnel. He also reasons that this war seems not to have an end as the Iraqis themselves are not taking the initiative to end the war. The senator als o agues that the foreign polices of America should change has they have created more enmity than friendship.On the contrary Senator Arnold beliefs that the war was good for American has it removed a dictator from power. He argues that only change of regime was needed and nothing else. He also points out that American has a responsibility to bring order in Iraq and therefore the troops should stay in Iraq until order is restored. As for the resources being incurred he argues that democracy has a very big price and sacrifices must be made to gain it. When it comes to tax, Senator Barrack has a view that low income earners should be exempted from paying tax or be given tax relieves.He believes that the poor are taxed more than the rich and argue that the government should take decisive tax measures. In this way he predicts the economy will grow faster as more money will be left to the people who will then invest it. He also points out that, the living standard has shot up and yet more tax is paid; instead he proposes that the burden of tax should be reduced. On the other hand, Senator Arnold opposes the move saying that the government needs more revenue to provide services to the public.Therefore, he points out that tax relieves should not be there and instead more tax should be paid. He argues out that, for economy to grow better infrastructures and social amenities must be put in place and the government requires funds to build these infrastructures. The senator states that, good governments can only operate well when they have resources and those resources come from the people. He lastly argues that tax relieve should not be there as money that government collect in form of taxes goes back to the public in form of better services.

Describe How to Interact, Respond, Communicate and Deal

When we are communicating with all children and younger people we must treat them all the same. We should be clear and concise. Instructions should be clear and the same E. G. please can you tidy up. Then we should keep repeating please can you tidy up, please can you tidy up, if a child (3-6years) was asked can you put toys away, they can get confused with what they have been asked to do. We can ask the younger child to repeat what the instruction was so we are aware that they have understood what was said to them. Children of the age3-6 are using their grammar a lot more.At this age they can exaggerate very well when telling something. If they are hurt they might tell fibs. Verbalising whilst playing is very common for 3-6 yrs. whilst communicating with these small children I would get down to their level. With the 6-12yrs they tend to ask lots of question. At this age most of the children set their own goals to achieve. Fact and fantasy are distinguished by now. The 6-12 age group s will need to have boundaries in place. They might also need support if they have a falling out with friends.This is the age when they speak about transitions in life. Use language to predict and draw conclusions. Use long and complex sentences. Understand other points of view and show that they agree or disagree. Understand comparative words e. g. ‘it was earlier than yesterday’. Keep conversations going by giving reasons and explaining choices? Start conversations with adults and children they don’t know. Understand and use passive sentences e. g. â€Å"the thief is chased by the policeman†. 12-18 yrs. olds will still look for adult support even though they are striving to be an adult.As teens seek independence from family and establish their own identity, they begin thinking abstractly and become concerned with moral issues. We need to be approachable and also remind them of confidentially. Not all children will like face to face talking so it might be best to speak at side of them. Teens should be able to process texts and abstract meaning, relate word meanings and contexts, understand punctuation, and form complex syntactic structures. However, communication is more than the use and understanding of words; it also includes how teens think of themselves, their peers, and authority figures.Resolving conflict with age groups. Ask each individual what happened and why. Encourage both children to come up with ideas to resolve the problem. Do not judge either child or be negative about their suggestions. Make it clear that you want to work toward a solution that will make them both happy. Encourage the children to listen to each other, including why they believe the conflict started. This effectively forces the children to accept that there is another person with feelings involved. Children are often totally unaware of how their behavior affects other people.Help both children understand what the end goal is; this may involve being v ery clear about what would be a good end result, an answer that suits both children. Ask both children to discuss the incident and to tell you how they have decided to handle it. Be sure to praise the children for handling the problem themselves and reassure them that you know there will be no future conflict between them. When your child gets angry, give them time and space to calm down before trying to resolve the situation. Explain later that it is difficult to think of good solutions when we are angry.We help children to learn the value of positive relationships in many ways. We promote and reward positive behaviour, encourage turn taking, we ensure we are good role models; we encourage sharing and build self-esteem of the use of praise and reward, with either sticker, certificates, merits ECT. We also encourage the children to be kind to each other. As adults we must respect other peoples view even if we don’t agree as everyone is entitled to their opinion. Always show y ou’re interested in what people are saying, show concern if needed and be a listening ear.Respect can be gained by talking to a child at their level and understanding them, for example looking at children at eye level whilst talking to them increases mutual respect. Keeping calm and talking in a â€Å"normal† friendly tone also increases mutual respect. Listening to children and addressing their needs. Role models are inspirational people who encourage others to progress and work toward self-improvement. They are especially important for today’s youth and can play an important role in shaping our society.Role models can influence a young one’s values, beliefs, and attitudes, which will shape the person that one will grow to be. Role models have the ability to focus their efforts on others rather than on themselves and they are selfless. Role models inspire others not only by their words, but more so by their actions that move us to do the same. Role model s help others by offering good examples, by inspiring others realize the endless possibilities to reach their goals, and by moving others to be the best that they can be. Children will copy behaviour so I use manners the children will copy.Influenced by the people around them affects children Reinforcement is used to help increase the probability that a specific behavior will occur with the delivery of a stimulus/item immediately after a response/behavior is exhibited. Negative reinforcement is often confused with punishment. Positive reinforcement is a very powerful and effective tool to help shape and change behavior. Positive reinforcement works by presenting a motivating item to the person after the desired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior more likely to happen in the future.We do this with either thumb up, smiling, verbal praise. Negative reinforcement is when a certain stimulus/item is removed after a particular behavior is exhibited. We can change seat or room. The likelihood of the particular behavior occurring again in the future is increased because of removing/avoiding the negative stimuli. Communication can be hard with young people as well as children. Each difficulty has its own effect. This could be how they learn, or understand what is being said to them. They will need time and to feel less pressured when speaking.Someone with Hearing difficulties would benefit from BSL( British sign Language), difficulty with attention or following complex directions in the classroom would benefit from being near the teacher or having 1-1, difficulty retaining information could have pictures or tape recorders,, poor vocabulary achievement could have extra time, difficulties with grammar, difficulties with organization of expressive language or with narrative discourse, difficulties with academic achievement, reading, and writing, unclear speech, persistent stuttering or a lisp.Most children tent to communicate through text and emails. Sometimes we n eed to change the way we communicate with people. This will depend on the individual. We often do this without knowing we have changed. Eye contact is best for non- hearing as they can lip read. Other ways we can communicate are via letters, email, using different color paper. We might need to speak slowly and more clearly. Depending on the type of visual impairment and what adaptations are necessary, I will produce reading books and class material in large print or braille.Touch typing programmers might be introduced, using a screen reader. Visual timetables, pictures, symbols or photographs are also a good way to communicate. For younger children, a visual time line can be effective, labels for equipment and places for specific activities, pictures, symbols, photographs or written labels. Visual displays of topics or current activities can for some children can cause overload.

Arthur Millers formation of a miserable story The Crucible

Arthur Millers formation of a miserable story The Crucible Essay The great play writer, Arthur Miller formed a miserable story The Crucible during the dark Mc Carthy Ela. The story was based on Salem Witch Trials and the event behind the history. The author created a parallel story to spend the reader the message of how he thinks about the Anti-Communism activity of the 1950s. The Salem Witch Trials and Anti-Communism activity of the 1950s are parallels. Many of the events are similar within The Crucible and the Red Scare. For example, Parris said, You will confess yourself or I will take you out and whip you to your death, (pg44) a situation often seen in the Red Scare. The people in The Crucible are forced to confess-which is very similar to when people needed to confess to keep their job or their life in the Red Scare. The author used these lines to show the evilness in Salem Witch Trials in relation to the Red Scare. For people to get freedom in the Red Scare they had to accuse others and that was the hunt rule. The same thing showed up in The Crucible, Abigail accuses Elizabeth of being a witch by poking a needle in herself as proof. To help Abigail accuse other, the helpers shouted Herrick, Herrick, it is a needle. (pg74) The author points out that there are people who know the truth but do not stand for it, like the girls in The Crucible. It wasnt easy to stand for the truth because people fear it so much. Certainly, the phrase crush him might indicate kill and destroy the devil when Parris tell the girl I mean to crush him utterly if he has shown his face. (pg39) No one really knows how the devil is and people think the devil is in the witchcraft, but the real devil is the fear of difference. Parris think the devil is going to destroy the town so he should destroy the devil. If there is fear inside him, the devil will never disappear; in reflection to the Red Scare, the whole idea about Anti-Communism was fear. So, Arthur Miller used The Crucible as a story to reflect and parallel the Red Scare in the 1950s. The Crucible is the message about how the author feels about the Anti-communism activity in the 1950s. The Arthur Miller used many symbolic phrases or events in The Crucible to express how he fells about the Red Scare. Like when Hale says, But you must understand, sir'(pg94), shows the people have been forced to understand. The word must conveys the people in the Salem Witch Trials and the Red Scare are making their choice under pressure. No one knows why the witch and the Communism are here because they can not know. But someone doesnt chose to exchange accusing others with freedom. When Giles says,I can not give you his name'(pg96), for himself, it means there are no name for him to give out; however, for the officers, it means he does not want to give out the name. The difference between the Giles and the officers are Giles believes in the truth, and the officers believe in a twisted mental idea. The officers are the people who have been twisted and twisting others, that was what authors message trying to say. Even though, they may find out they are wrong, they still think they should always be right. At one point of the story, John Proctor anger shouts in the front of everyone in the town before he die, I am John Proctor! You will not use me! (pg143). That proofed John Proctor made a real mans choice, and so did the author-Arthur Miller, he went to jail because he didnt want to twist the truth. John Proctors cry is the steadfast decision of the Arthur Miller. The author spends the reader his message of how he feels about the Red Scare by the symbolic story of The Crucible.

Strengths and Weaknesses of YouTube in India Essay

Strengths and Weaknesses of YouTube in India - Essay Example It also contains different kinds of localized contents, from videos to all genres of music from all over the world to suit the growing musical and entertainment needs. The user interface is easy to understand and use. It enjoys copyright privileges and hence, the rights of the artists are protected. One is able to learn a lot from Google from the do it yourself tutorials. On the other hand, there are some competitions that people make money from sharing the content with friends; hence this may be a source of income for those who spend loads of their time on the site (J.M, 2007). On Opportunities, YouTube has some experts that have provided the people with a platform to showcase their creativity through the tutorials, movies, and music. They are therefore able to get potential clientele from the same. YouTube allows one to be the shareholder; this is done by uploading some videos with no copyright issues. They may then give you a share of the revenue collected depending on the views and the interest spurred among the audience. The weaknesses of YouTube are that: it has week parental advisory features; hence, minors often view explicit content. This encourages addictions to pornography, drug abuse and violent contents that lead to vices in the communities. Through video tutorials, minors may also learn bad behavior if they are not monitored. It may also be the entry of cheap counterfeit videos in the market as everyone may upload mediocre content (Botscher, 2011). The Threats that YouTube normally faces is that, with no copyright licenses, musicians and actors/actresses often face losses as their videos are often downloaded and hence, a slump in their sales. There are arguments that some YouTube posts can tarnish a good image or reputations of people or organizations. Institutions like universities have banned their students from accessing the site in the School Computer centers.

Criminology Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminology Theory - Essay Example It helps in explaining that if the child will be constantly in contact with the parents who are practicing anti-social behaviors such as drug abuse and domestic violent, the likelihood of the child developing similar behaviors is quite high. The learning of deviant activities by children due to their contact with their environment is regarded as differential association and the theory was first proposed by Edwin H. Sutherland (Siegel 238). The theorist proposed that criminal behavior is developed by individuals because they learn those behaviors and learning occurs primarily through interaction of an individual with others such as peers as well as family members. The theory even helps in explaining why a change in the environment of the child is required as proposed by the social worker. The theory helps in explaining that if the child is brought up in a social environment where anti social behavior is not promoted, the child will negative perception towards anti-social behaviors and will not indulge in such behaviors.Implications Of Theory For Public Policy  The social learning theory provides enough insight regarding the shaping of policy that focuses on finding foster homes for children and that focuses on reducing crime and future criminals. The theory states that individuals learn criminal behavior and they continue to accept and even copy those behaviors as result of constant contact with a environment that promotes deviant behavior. If the findings of the social learning theory are true.

How is modern technology used in Medical centers Essay

How is modern technology used in Medical centers - Essay Example 2 Introduction A poet, philosopher and an artist of an early 20th century named Khalil Gibran, who lived in a pre-computer era, stated that (Pasupathy 18-21) â€Å"A little knowledge that acts is worth infinitely more than much knowledge that is idle†. It is surprising that he is concerned about the knowledge management systems in the 20th century. However, this idea has become more useful if this statement is meditative in the long-term care industry. In addition, by computerizing long-term care industry a massive enhancement has been noticed. But long-term care institutions still require a lot more knowledge associated with technology in order to enhance nursing homes, progress through administration techniques, improve the medical processes and gain knowledge associated with system management (Pasupathy 18-21). The administrator of a nursing home must understand the core objective of management system and the purpose of long-term care organizations before procuring, executi ng and promoting these systems, as it will consequently aid in understanding the characteristics and features of the system (Pasupathy 18-21). ... It is made possible by the sound knowledge in health care that locate a new direction in the field of health and social care system. A 24-hours care support has been established by the NHS that provides full support to the patients, as well as to the public keeping in mind the concept of primary self-care. However, the NHS must maintain the acquisition of new technologies and innovative working practices to facilitate people with long term conditions to live a healthy life (Robinson 9-12). Likewise, health services are provided to the patients via national ICT infrastructure that is designed to support multi-channel services in order to provide 24/7 constant recommendations and knowledge regarding self-management and the management of long-term health conditions (Bradbury 309-314). Moreover, many patients find it difficult on how to find adequate solutions related to any health condition or how to contact their regular care service providers in late working hours or in some cases aft er working hours. In 2004, the problem has been aggravated for several patients due to out-of-hours (OOH) services (Bradbury 309-314). The NHS direct has made this possible for patients to get reliable and useful information through any medium such as telephone, internet, digital TV (DiTV). In addition, NHS Direct is continuously providing sound knowledge to spread awareness among the patients (Bradbury 309-314). A number of communities are using different technologies such as, point-of-care (POC) documentation and financial software, as mentioned in a long-term living trend survey ('Long-Term Living's Survey of Technology Usage', 65-65). In that survey it was concluded that the latest technology acquisition will

Behavior management Inventory Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Behavior management Inventory - Case Study Example I’m not coming and you can’t make me!† I think this is probably the best way to handle this, because there is already a conflict and it gives the student an out. They can choose to keep their ‘pride’ and continue to be defiant by going to the principal’s office, or by simply following the instructions in class. Over one-half of your class is constantly asking, â€Å"Will this be on the test? How many pages does it have to be? Can I use a pencil? Does neatness count? Is it due at the beginning or at the end of class?† You set up a rule forbidding such questions, but they keep coming anyway. This situation should eventually stop the questions, hopefully, because the students will learn that they aren’t getting any new information by asking those kinds of questions. If a question isn’t addressed by those groundrules, it is either a good one or could be added to the groundrules. It also sets up a positive culture where the students know what is and isn’t important to me as a teacher. Micky hasn’t done his homework in over six weeks. He always has an excuse such as he lost it, he left it at home, or his baby sister ripped it up. He has a difficult time reading and comprehending and seldom participates in class. You have discussed the matter with Micky and have met with Micky and his mother who works second shift. Still the homework is never done. Obviously in this situation Micky is having trouble with the school work, and his family can be of little help. But he also has to understand that the classroom community has expectations, and doing homework is one of them. By eventually putting him in detention for missing so many homeworks it at least gives him time where he has no excuse and forces him to do some, so I can see where he is and where he needs more

Network protocola Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Network protocola - Coursework Example th each other.   Most vendors implementations have quite a few utilities built in.  The utilities might relate to configuration information and troubleshooting.   Some of the TCP/IP utilities implemented in my organization includes, arp, nslookup, finger, ping, ftp, rcp, hostname, rexec, ipconfig and route. More so, I am currently implementing TCP/IP services that includes; net start dhcp client, net start simple tcp/ip services, net start ftp server and net start snmp. TCP/IP services and utilities not currently implemented includes; lpq, rsh, lpr, tftp, nbtstat, tracert, and netstat forms of TCP/IP services and net start lpdsvc, net start tcp/ip netbios helper, net start microsoft dhcp server and net start windows internet name service forms of TCP/IP utilities.    The OSI model originally distinguishes between service, interval and protocols while The TCP/IP model does not clearly distinguish between service, Interval and protocols. More so, The OSI model is a reference model while the TCP/IP model is an implementation of the OSI model. In addition, in OSI model, the protocols came after the model was described while in TCP/TP model, the protocols came first, and the model (Zack, 2010). Migrating from IPv4 to IPv6 is not an immediate process and requires gradual implementation due to the endless number of users on the Internet that still utilize the IPv4 system. Additionally, more businesses and organizations are relying on the Internet for day to day processes and therefore a lengthy IP protocol replacement which involves downtime can seriously affect business continuity. For the above described reasons, the migration from IPv4 to IPv6 is not accomplished with a simple flick of a switch since there are problems that arise as the result of making the

The Advocacy for the Use of Nuclear Energy as a Sustainable Source but Essay

The Advocacy for the Use of Nuclear Energy as a Sustainable Source but a Control of Its Proliferation - Essay Example An increase in it use will foresee a replacement of the green house gases that bring about global warming and able to foster development. The increase will by far bring about a ‘sustainable development’, which was a term coined by the Brundtland commission whose intention were to protect the future generations while minimizing depletion of the same resources at present. This paper therefore offers insight on the issue of increasing nuclear energy so as to meet the global energy needs that the (world energy) council contends as being huge to meet the efficiency within which energy is provided. However, the paper is still cautious of the negativity involved with the issue such as the proliferation and the threats it brings about. Reviews The proposal exposes the intricate relationship that exists between the use of the energy and the impact it has on the environment. The proposal is about the increase of the use of the nuclear energy to supplement the existing sources of e nergy. The advocacy for the increase in the usage of nuclear energy does not imply ignorance should be made in regards to the threats that exist. This underlies the fact that there has to exist laws and regulation that govern the usage and production of such. This ensures caution and a further responsibility to be held by countries that get involved. The proposal offers the alternative to the prevention of what is being envisioned; which is global warming and a world that will have sustainable development through the production of nuclear energy. The proposal hence offers both an analytical and critical outlook of where the world is ending in terms of the sources of energy and the path within which it is to be undertaken to make these world a more efficient and safer place. Hypothesis The belief is that the current sources of energy that include fossil fuels (such as coal and oil) are becoming exhausted at an alarming rate, such that within the next decade they may be depleted. This leaves the question of how humans will sustain themselves and hence the need for an alternative source of energy that should be dependable and exist in limitless nature. Nuclear energy is believed to be resourceful in that it can provide what is required to supplement or become the existing source of energy. Long Term Objectives The objectives that are likely to become the long term are one that will make nuclear energy a sustainable energy source that will be reliable and have no harm to the environment. The perceived lack of emissions of green house gases is revelation that it holds the future for sustainable energies. The world will be able to achieve energy in ways that are environment friendly and are not a threat to its existence. The advancement of continued use of fossil fuels has been seen as one that erodes the environment whereas the research in fusion energy provides more attractive commercial products. To this end, studies have confirmed that the cause of global warmin g is mainly the release of green house gases. This then means that nuclear energy is not among the factors that lead to global warming, an indication that it is a clean energy for the present and future. Background It is without a doubt that the world stands threatened due to the global warming. This is so because since 1950, the world’s climate has been warming, primarily as a result of emissions from fossils. The term global warming has therefore become a

Difference between 2 companies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Difference between 2 companies - Assignment Example esult of its rather distinctive business model, all of McDonald’s restaurants are operated either directly by the company or by franchisees (McDonald’s.com, 2014). The company offers a uniform menu across all its various locations although there are a number of geographic variations that allow for the menu to adequately adapt, and suit the local tastes and preferences. The standard McDonald’s menu typically includes, the Big Mac, Chicken McNuggets, French fries, a wide array of salads, the Quarter Pounder with Cheese, snack wraps, oatmeal, sundaes, soft drinks, shakes, coffee, several chicken sandwich options, McCafe beverages and a number of other beverage options. According to McDonald.com (2014), the strength of the current alignment of the McDonald’s’s system that comprises of the company, its suppliers and franchisees has been key to McDonald’s success. By leveraging this system, McDonald’s is able to easily identify, implement and eventually scale ideas that are able to meet the customers’ changing preferences and needs. In addition to this, McDonald’s business model enables the company to consistently deliver what has been described as locally-relevant restaurant experiences to customers and help the company to be an integral part of the community that it serves. McDonald’s is managed as distinct geographical segments that include the United States, the Asia/Pacific Middle East and Africa region (APMEA) and Europe. The company is noted to also have other operations in Latin America and Canada. McDonald’s has a number of aims and objectives that primarily center on the serving of good food in what is a fun and friendly environment, emerge as a leading socially responsible company, and provide good returns to the company’s share holders. In addition to this, the company also aims to provide all its customers with food of the highest standard, value for their money and quick service. The company also wishes to become more eco-friendly

Major Works Data Sheet Essay Example for Free

Major Works Data Sheet Essay Plot summary: Heart of Darkness begins on the Thames river and told by an unknown narrator. He and several other men are on the deck of a ship when Marlow, a captain, begins to speak. Marlow had always wanted to travel to Africa and up the snakelike Congo River. With the help of his aunt in Brussels, Marlow gets a job as a boat captain on the river with a Dutch trading company that deals in ivory. After getting his assignment at the office in Brussels, he travels to the mouth of the Congo River in a French steamer, which drops off soldiers and clerks at many stations along the African coast. The site of a French man-of-war firing at nothing puzzles Marlow. When Marlow arrives at the mouth of the Congo, a Swedish captain takes him to the company’s Inner Station on a smaller boat. Outside of the station he sees Africans chained and working hard at worthless projects, with others nearby dying slowly. Marlow is impressed with the competence and dress of the accountant who works at this station. It is here that he firsts learns of Kurtz, an exceptional trader who is destined for great things. Marlow then travels to the company’s Central Station, walking two hundred miles inland with a sick, overweight white man who had to be carried by Africans, until they tired of it and abandoned him. Once at the station, Marlow meets the General Manager, a hollow man who got his job not by virtue of his merit but simply by remaining alive. His only talent is making people feel uneasy. The boat Marlow was supposed to captain had been torn up in an accident just before he arrived, so Marlow spends months at the station making repairs and waiting for rivets. During this time, Marlow watches many of the white men do no work and walk aimlessly. One day a building caught fire and they decided to punish an African for it. Marlow then meets another  hollow man, the brick maker, who has no mater ials to build bricks. The brick maker questions Marlow about his connections in Europe, and Marlow learns more about Kurtz, who is besides being an excellent trader, an artist and in Africa for the purpose of bringing light to the natives. Marlow determines that the brick maker is a spy for the manager and that neither likes Kurtz. The mysterious Kurtz increasingly intrigues Marlow. He overhears the manager and the manager’s corrupt uncle express their hatred and jealousy towards Kurtz, who is rumored to be ill. With the repairs complete, Marlow captained the boat upriver, manager on board, towards Kurtz’s station. He employed the help of a group of cannibals, whore frained from eating anyone in his presence. Just before arriving at Kurtz’s station, a tribe of Africans attacked the ship, and his African helmsman was killed, having lost his self-control. At this point Marlow worries that he may never meet Kurtz, but they find Kurtz’s station upriver. Greeted by a young Russian, Marlow finds out that Kurtz is very ill. He also finds out that Kurtz convinced a tribe he was a deity to use them to get more ivory. Kurtz goes crazy and runs for the woods, devoid of all restraint. Marlow finds him and helps him back to his bed. Kurtz gives Marlow some papers to give to people in Europe. Kurtz eventually dies, saying â€Å"The horror, the horror.† Marlow returns to Europe, delivers the papers, and eventually talks to Kurtz’s fiancà ©. She is still very idealistic and he cannot tell her about Kurtz’s last words, saying instead Kurtz uttered her name before dying.

Sammy Case Essay Example for Free

Sammy Case Essay Assignment Question: Base on what you have learned in this course, your textbook and any reference books that you may have read, what are the problems that the main character has? What possible solutions would you suggest (with theoretical support) to solve the problems? In referring to your own life, what have you learned from this scenario and how can you apply these into your life? 1. Introduction According to the case study of assignment, it seems to me that Sammy encountered great difficulties in a couple of problems on intrapersonal and interpersonal competencies, which keep weakening her family relationship as well as her way of living. In the following, there will be three sections for the above discussion. First, based on what I have learned in my course, I will attempt to illustrate out the most important problems that suffered by Sammy. The second part, some possible recommendations will be provided so as to help her building up a positive relationship with her parents as well as her siblings, peer fellow or elsewhere. At last, I would like to conclude with my personal sharing which is completely learned from this scenario. 2.Three General Character’s Problems 2.1Lost Of Self Obviously, Sammy is getting lost in herself. She mess up with her unexamined life and confused by the question of â€Å"Who am I?† from the inside out. She doesn’t realize herself clearly as she even doesn’t know what she likes or dislikes. It determines that Sammy was incapable of knowing herself and seems have unclear goal in future. This would be the major reason drive her getting an unsatisfactory result in public examination. She has attempted to make choice just fulfilling what her parents want her to do; however, once situation getting worse, she have lost her own decision to determine what should do soon. She has no idea about her totality of thoughts and feelings with reference to herself as an object. (Rosenberg, 1979) 2.2Low Self-Esteem Besides, Sammy often keeps comparing herself with others by physical appearance, talent, popularity, etc. However, she harbored negative feelings about all her surrounding people. These comparisons could only diminish her uniqueness and further result to make her losing of confidence. It revealed that the value she placed on herself is quiet low. It seems to me that the four sources of self-esteem, (1) social interaction, (2) social information, (3) social comparison, and (4) self-observation (Baron, 1990) have been damaged and unplugged in her case. 2.3Communication Problem Last but not lease, there is a clear communication problem within Sammy’s family. She seldom talks peacefully and sincerely with her parents. Having quarreled once, Sammy chose to avoid communicating with them which only weaken much more on their family relationships. 3.Three Possible Recommendations Here are 3 possible solutions for Sammy: 3.1Exploring Developmental Areas Firstly, Sammy ought to recognize more about herself. Human development researchers pay attention to four developmental areas of self, which are physical self, mental self, emotional self and social self (Hanna, Suggett, Radtke, 2007). And in which the mental self indicates the learning abilities, thought-processing patterns, as well as attitude and motivation are facets of this important area of the self. So, Sammy needs to be strengthened on her mental self mostly, which can help her to establish her thought-processing patterns, beliefs etc. Reading books is a favorite way to improve mentally (Hanna, Suggett, Radtke, 2007). By developing her sense of mental self, Sammy could acquire critical and creative thinking which could encourage her to think matter deeply, dig out multi-level ideas, challenge assumptions, and examine the logic of differing points; hence, she can explore herself more specific and capable of differentiating between her ideal self, actual self, and ought self (Edward Tory Higgins, 1987). Having developed a creative thinking, Sammy could think about ideas in different ways and generate variety of possible solutions to any problems. These two kind of thinking ability will create more curiosity which turn to activate Sammy think much and examine others’ opinion rather just followed to do so. 3.2Discovering Self-Concept And Self Valuing Corresponding to the 2.2 problem of Sammy, i.e. low self-esteem, she ought to discover her self-concept indeed. The self-concept is the totality of her thoughts and feelings with reference to herself and is the foundation on which almost all her actions are based (Rosenberg, 1979), consisting (1) self-descriptions, (2) ideal self, and (3) self-esteem or self-worth. We can observed Sammy was keeping compared herself with others, which reflects her unsatisfactory on her actual self; nevertheless, maybe her ideal self is quite close to perfect, that makes her never accept her actual self and lower her self-esteem, and one of the areas which mostly affects is academic achievement. Studies have found a significant positive correlation between self-esteem and Grade Point Average (Baker, Beer, Beer, 1991, cited in Hanna, Suggett, Radtke, 2007). So, thoughts changing should be adopted. Sammy should think more positive instead of keeping meaningless comparsion and pursuing the ideal self. Sh e should be encouraged to reveal her interest, or participate more social gathering rather than staying at home for aimless surfing. 3.3Disclosing Self On Criticism Actually, Sammy’s parent has their own responsibilities, in which even delivering small quantities of criticism would be appreciated in a non-hurtful ways. However, my focus is on Sammy only; and so, I would suggest Sammy finding a positive way of communication. She needs to learn how to face criticism. Positive responses to criticism are important as it moves relationships in a positive direction. â€Å"The effective way to respond to criticism is to use an assertive style. It does not attack, surrender to, or sabotage the critic. It disarms the critic.† (McKay and Fanning, 2000) It is no use to response criticism emotionally. Sammy is encouraged to learn keeping a peaceful mind to receive any criticism. Rather than Shut herself up or lock the door, Sammy may try to express her different opinion to her parent but in calm. This self-disclosure helps knowing each others. Social penetration theory (Altman and Taylor, 1973) explains that close relationships develop in terms of increasing self-disclosure. Constructive criticism points out possibilities for improvement (Ginott, 1965). 4.Self Reflection In this case, I am found out the importance of self-knowing and self-valuing, and realize that an effective communication is really essential to build positive relationship. Not only communicate well on normal situation, but also we have to communicate healthy on criticism. In my case, my father is a kind of criticism-favor man, who loves to blame on everything since his 65 years old. Every time he shouted to us, just like Sammy, I quarreled with him first and shut up soon, or left his house, just let him alone . I though this is a smartest way to avoid meaningless argument with the old man. But the fact is he never stop quarrelling with me once I came back. Having studied this case, I started to ask my actual self: â€Å"Do I love my father?† The answer is â€Å"absolutely!† So, which drive me to think how to build a better relationship between us. Having known more about positive communication on criticism, one times, I didn’t run away, but listened to him peacefully. My old man shouted about half an hour, and finally stopped. Maybe he felt tired, and as I really listen carefully what he said, I tried to â€Å"communicate† my opinion with him peacefully and pointed out some my opinion about his arguments. Anyway, from that day on, we have less arguing, instead we talk more about the British Premier League.

Analysing The Chemistry Of Coke Chemistry Essay

Analysing The Chemistry Of Coke Chemistry Essay Coke is the most popular carbonated soft drink. Generally there is Phosphoric acid in all fizzy drinks including cokes. The Phosphoric acid is infused as an active ingredient in coke to provide the tangy flavour. There is variety of different types of cokes. For example diet coke which contains less sugar and calories than original coke, vanilla coke which has vanilla flavour and zero coke which contains no sugar at all. Nowadays it is getting issued that phosphoric acid can damage humans teeth or bone health even with minimal exposure. Investigation of finding out the amount of phosphoric acid in each three different cokes; original, zero and vanilla coke by titration is done for consumers to let them know that amount of phosphoric acid is not changed depends the types of the cokes. Introduction Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is an active ingredient that contributes the tangy taste in the coke. The acid is fairly weak but, more drinks, the more acid human body has to neutralize. For that the body uses calcium from the bones which reduce the bone strength. (AdlersbergJay, 2010) To analyse the phosphoric acid in cokes, the acid/base titration method has been brought. Acid/bas titration is required to determine the unknown concentration of a known reactant. It is performed by dropping the known solution in the burette into the unknown solution in the beaker which has been added a few drops of the indicator or simply using the pH Meter. (KennanMark) The indicator is a liquid that makes the colour change of the solution when it is neutralized. Different indicators are used for different pH levels and they have different colour changes. (Acid-Base Chemistry) Indicator pH Range Color Change Thymol blue 1.2 2.8 red à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ yellow Methyl red 4.4 6.2 red à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ yellow Litmus 5 8 red à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ blue Bromothymol blue 6.2 7.6 yellow à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ blue Phenolphthalein 8.0 10.0 colorless à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ pink The experiment is performed based on the hypothesis, the amount of phosphoric acid in each different types of cokes are different as they are not the same type of the coke. Main Body Aim The aim of the experiment is to analyse a commercial sample of three different types of cokes and determine the mass of phosphoric acid in the samples using volumetric analysis; acid/base titration. Hypothesis If the types of the coke are different then the quantity of phosphoric acid in cokes will differ to each other because each types of coke contain variety of ingredients in different amounts. Materials Balance 50ml beaker 20ml pipette 25ml pipette 50ml burette 250ml volumetric flask 100ml volumetric flask 250ml conical flask Spatula Label sticker Small glass funnel Burette stand and clamp White tile Distilled water Phenolphthalein indicator KHSO4 Approx 0.1M NaOH solution Coca-Cola (original, zero, vanilla) Method Standard KHSO4 Solution Approximately 3g of KHSO4 was measured and put into a clean 50ml beaker. For dissolving the KHSO4, Transferred KHSO4 and distilled water to 250ml volumetric flask and filled the flask with distilled water. Put the stopper and mixed the contents of the flask well. Then calculated number of moles and concentration of KHSO4 and recorded them. Standardising the NaOH solution Pour the 0.1M of NaOH into the burette and made sure that the initial volume exactly 0.00ml. Next, poured the standard KHSO4 solution measured with 20ml pipette into conical flask and added 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Then, the NaOH was slowly dropped into the flask until the KHSO4 solution turned slightly pale pink which tells its end-point and recorded the NaOH volume used. Repeated standardising twice and recorded them as well. After that, calculation of the molarity of NaOH was done by using the average of the three volume measurements. Analysis of Coke Before starting the analysis of the cokes, original coke, zero coke and vanilla coke had been left for approximately 32 hours in the beakers with no lids on, to make sure there was no carbonic acid in them. This was because that coke doesnt only contain phosphoric acid but carbonic acid which makes the drinks fizzy. Put cokes measured by Pipette 20ml in to 100ml volumetric flasks. Then made 20% diluted coke by filling the flask to the 100ml mark with distilled water. Put the stoppers on them and shake the each solution. Labelled the each flask. Pipette 25ml of each three 20% diluted coke solution to clean 250ml conical flasks and added 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator to each samples in flasks. After that, titrating NaOH solution was performed into the coke samples and recorded the required NaOH volumes for the samples. Again, the steps were repeated twice for each sample. Lastly, the molarity of phosphoric acid in the 20% coke solutions and the mass of phosphoric acid present in commercial undiluted cokes were calculated. Results Standard KHSO4 solution Mass of KHSO4 used: 3.2g Standardising the NaOH solution V(KHSO4) = 20ml Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 NaOH Volume used 20.4ml 19.8ml 19.8ml Average volume: (20.4+19.8+19.8)/3 = 20ml Analysis of Coke Volume of 20% original/zero/vanilla coke used = 25ml Trial 1 Trial 2 Original 0.7ml 0.8ml Zero 0.8ml 0.8ml Vanilla 0.7ml 0.9ml Average volume: Original: (0.7+0.8)/2 = 0.75ml Zero: (0.8+0.8)/2 = 0.8ml Vanilla: (0.7+0.9)/2 = 0.8ml Discussion Analysis of results The experiment was performed in three parts to titrate the cokes. The first part was for making standard KHSO4 solution. 3.2g of KHSO4 was used to make the solution and that made the concentration of KHSO4 solution 0.0938M which is nearly 0.1 M. Molar mass of KHSO4: 39.1+1+32.1+(161) = 136.2g/mol Moles of KHSO4: m/M = 3.2/136.2 = 0.0235 moles Concentration of KHSO4: n/V = 0.0235/0.250 = 0.0938M (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 0.1M) The second part was for standardising the 0.1 M NaOH solutions. It was performed three times and the average volume of NaOH used was applied in the calculation of concentration of NaOH by using the concentration formula, C1V1=C2V2. The calculation below shows the concentration of NaOH was 0.0938 M. Concentration of NaOH: (CKHSO4VKHSO4)/VNaOH = (0.093820)/20 = 0.0938M Lastly the third part was for analysis of cokes. Titrating three different types of coke by NaOH solution was performed in this part. The result showed that NaOH solution has been used 0.75ml for original coke and 0.8ml for zero and vanilla coke. The volume used differences between the three cokes were not that big. However these little differences affected the final result. Concentration calculation was brought to determine the concentration of 20% coke solutions and undiluted coke. After the molarity of undiluted coke (phosphoric acid), it was able to calculate the mass of phosphoric acid in 1L of undiluted coke solutions. Concentration of 20% coke solutions (phosphoric acid): (CNaOHVNaOH)/Vcoke Original: (0.0938 x 0.75)/25 = 0.002814M Zero: (0.0938 x 0.8)/25 = 0.003002M Vanilla: (0.0938 x 0.8)/25 = 0.003002M Concentration of the undiluted coke (phosphoric acid) Original: 0.001814 x 5 = 0.00912M Zero: 0.003002 x 5 = 0.01501M Vanilla: 0.003002 x 5 = 0.01501M Mass of phosphoric acid in 1L of undiluted coke solutions (Molar mass of phosphoric acid (H3PO4): (13)+31+(164) = 98g/mol) Original: 0.00912 x 98 = 0.89376g/1000ml Zero: 0.01501 x 98 = 1.47098g/1000ml Vanilla: 0.01501 x 98 = 1.47098g/1000ml Throughout the titration in third part of experiment, the amount of phosphoric acid in 1L of undiluted original coke, zero coke and vanilla coke have been calculated. The result came out fairly different to the hypothesis of this experiment. Contrary to the expectation, titration results of three cokes were not that different. According to the result, there is approximately 0.89376g of phosphoric acid in original coke and 1.47098g of phosphoric acid in zero and vanilla coke. The original coke has 0.57722g less phosphoric acid than others. Therefore the original coke has less phosphoric acid and zero and vanilla coke contain 0.57722g more phosphoric acid. Error analysis The major error was occurred during the titration. Because the colour of the cokes was too dark to see the colour change to pink, it was needed to be diluted so the coke solutions were 20% diluted with distilled water. However, even if it was able to see the colour change, the colour of the diluted coke was still dark that it was hardly seen the solutions changing of pale pink, end-point. The result was supposed to show their phosphoric acid contents were same but it was not. It is assumed that the titration was not accurate enough because of the dark colour of cokes and that is because there was 0.05ml of NaOH less volume used in original coke. Conclusion The purpose of the experiment was to find out the most phosphoric acid contained coke since it was guessed that different types of coke would contain unlike quantity of acid to each other. So the method of acid/base titration has been invited to figure out the amount of phosphoric acid in each different types of coke; original coke, zero coke and vanilla coke. For the titration, standard KHSO4 solution and standardising the NaOH solution were required. Throughout all the records and calculation, it was able to determine the quantity of phosphoric acid in each types of coke. Different to the prediction, fairly similar amounts of phosphoric acid were contained in the cokes. It is shown through that original coke is bit healthier than other two types of coke as it has 0.57722g less phosphoric acid it but as the difference is not that outstand, it is determined that generally constant amount of phosphoric acid are irrespective of the types of the coke.

Gymnastics Essay -- Sports, Oldest Sports

Gymnastics is a sport that requires strength, flexibility, dedication, and determination. However, gymnastics also requires the ability to be graceful and delicate. For many years people have been dedicating themselves to this sport, training for either artistic or rhythmic gymnastics. The sport of gymnastics has been around for many years. Originating around 2,500 years ago makes it one of the oldest sports. People believe that the first "apparatus" used was actually a bull. Men would grab onto the bull's horns and when they were thrown in the air they would try to perform the best stunt before landing (Gutman, 1). Gymnastics originated in Greece where they believed that physical fitness was very important, but only to men. It was so important that there was an open-air gymnasium in every city. The gymnasiums were also used as schools where philosophy, literature, and music were taught. The athletes, who were only men eighteen and older, trained all day every day. When they would compete they threw the javelin, climbed ropes, ran races, wrestled, and lifted weights. The athletes would perform without clothes on, and all women were forbidden to watch. Unlike Greece the Emperor of Rome closed all the gymnasiums in A.D. 393 (Gutman, 2-3, 5). Years later around 1800 a German man named Johann Frederich Guts Muths developed a system of exercises that were based off the exercises that the Greeks used. He also added climbing, balance movements, and military drills. Muths also wrote the first real book on gymnastics (Gutman, 6). According to Gutman the true father of gymnastics was a German professor named Frederich Ludwig Jahn. He opened the first modern gymnasium around Berlin in 1811 and modeled it after the ancie... ...ragg, 22). The sixth and last event is the horizontal bar. It is eight feet long and hangs eight feet above the floor. Gymnasts perform skills similar to the skills that women perform on the uneven bars (Bragg, 23). The second and less known type of gymnastics is rhythmic gymnastics. It is performed on same floor as artistic gymnastics and gymnasts show body movement and dance moves long with music. At the same time, they have to handle a small apparatus such as a rope, hoop, ball, clubs, or ribbon. The routines can also be performed in groups of five people performing simultaneously (World, 2). The sport of gymnastics is known to be demanding and it requires a great deal of determination and dedication. However, it is becoming an increasingly popular sport. For thousands of years people have dedicated their lives to artistic and rhythmic gymnastics.

A Portrait of Franz Kafkas Life in his Fictional Story, Metamorphosis

A Portrait of Franz Kafka's Life in his Fictional Story, Metamorphosis Franz Kafka seems to have had a tough time growing up with his father, who was apparently a domineering, unapproachable man. A few years before Franz's untimely death, he wrote a long letter to his father in an attempt to address many of the lingering issues which had plagued their relationship. He may have tried through his fictional writing to reach his father prior to the letter, using a kind of "metaphor code." Franz Kafka became other characters representing himself in his fiction. In The Metamorphosis, his character, whose name is Gregor Samsa, becomes a giant beetle as the result of an unexplained transformation at the very beginning. The fact that the author is actually the main character is so cleverly disguised and the details so carefully presented that this encoded message becomes an entertaining literary work in its own right. While many of Kafka's short stories, e.g. The Judgment, A Country Doctor, appear to be vignettes, The Metamorphosis is more or less a surreal self -portrait of Franz's life and his troubled relationship with his family. The concepts of psychological abuse, entrapment and escape are ongoing themes in Kafka's work, and The Metamorphosis contains several examples that specifically relate to his father. The main character takes the role as caretaker of the family, is transformed into a bug and left to eventually die in his room. In The Metamorphosis, the main character awakens from "troubled dreams" into an even more troubled reality. At the beginning, the rain beating against the window of his room gives him a depressed, melancholy feeling. This sets the tone for the entire story. According to Franz Kafka, his father c... ...or no affect on his father and their relationship, as he still felt compelled to write a long personal letter plainly stating his feelings. Although Franz intended for the letter to reach his father, it was never sent to him instead it was returned to Franz by his mother. Ironically, even in his straightforward attempt, Franz had failed, though, in a sense his father did read the letter by reading most of his son's work. The fact that he died only a few years later, long before his father did, seems to have been eerily foreshadowed in The Metamorphosis. Franz Kafka seems to have thought that some of the most liberating occurrences are those that are beyond one's control. Works Cited Kafka, Franz. Letter to His Father (1919) Kafka, Franz. "The Metamorphosis." Franz Kafka: The Complete Stories. Ed. Nahum N. Glatzer. N.Y.: Schocken Books Inc., 1971: 89-139.

Set Theory in the Flesh :: Numbers Mathematics Essays

Set Theory in the Flesh The idea of infinity has been around for thousands of years. It it impossible to even conceive of this number or anything that pertains to the infinite. There is always one more. A billion is a fairly large number, 1 with 9 zeros after it. If one counted by seconds without breaks, it would take over 32 years to reach it. A Google, is a number written as 1 with one hundred zeros after it. One couldn't even count the number of lifetimes it would take to count to this number. Yet there are even much higher numbers such as a Googleplex. This number is one with a Google zeros. It would take far far too long to even write out the number. If the entire known universe was packed with quarks, the smallest known material, the number of quarks would not add up to a Googleplex. Compared to infinity, though, this number is as far away as the number one. Set theory is an area of mathematics that deals with inconceivable numbers, and bottomless concepts such as infinity. As it turns out there are many different kinds and orders of Hartmann 2 infinity that were documented by George Cantor, who opened up this area of math for the world. One way of describing these different levels of infinity is with Cantor's theoretical "Hotel Infinity" which is also an Allegory of his work and struggles in set theory. The story is interesting and also explains the fundamentals of infinity. Cantor and his assistant built a wondrous hotel that was made in such a way that there are infinitely many rooms. When he makes this hotel, his enemy Mr. Kronecker, criticizes itsaying that it's impossible and breaks the material of logic and should therefore be destroyed. Kronecker was a real person who criticized Cantor's works from the start trying to get it dismissed as not real mathematics. However, Cantor was able to publish his works, and in the story, his famous hotel was able to be printed in news paper advertisements. When the hotel finally filled up with an infinite number of people, Cantor's assistant didn't know what to do. Finally, Cantor told him to make everyone move from their room to a room that is numbered one higher than the previous one they were in. By doing this, Cantor was able to make room for one more person.

Cultural Diversity within Organizations

Addressing Cultural Diversity within OrganizationsTeg does non hold a diverseness direction plan or policy in topographic point. Cultural diverseness within organisations has been known to heighten productiveness and good inter-relationship between the employees. Examples of cultural diverseness are multicultural dialogue, communicating, direction every bit good as in other concern patterns such as enlisting. This sort of diverseness has gained significance in the current planetary economic system. However the cultural differences constructs and their effects on making concern and communication are complex and have several viing footings in usage. This paper seeks to set up the footings for cultural differences every bit good as analyze their impacts on an industry such as Target Engineering Group ( TEG ) . The paper besides seeks to set up the cultural diverseness plans that can be developed at TEG.The footings inter-cultural and multi-cultural are chiefly used when mentioning to th e integrating of different civilizations from different states. In every bit much as this may be true, cultural diverseness besides embraces several local facets such as the ratio of adult females to work forces in a workplace. In Helen Sharp ‘s ( 1995 ) work â€Å"Challenging Students to React to Multicultural Issues† , there are two instances that query the possibility of an American working in a foreign land. Besides, the footings in cultural diverseness are non merely synonymous to international integrating, but besides to gender, race, generational or socio-cultural issues. Understanding the significance of diverseness is the initial measure towards turn toing the issues related to diverseness. The universe in which we live demonstrates a perfect illustration of diverseness. There is a diverse universe of the Moon, Sun, stars, planes and other organic structures with each holding its ain bound way every bit good as its intent fro being. Since the people who live in this universe are of diverse gender, race, cultural and geographical entities the industries and companies such as TEG must absorb and acculturate these constructs. The employees in a company are diverse in category, gender, faith every bit good as diverse states and backgrounds. For successful operation of TEG, it must follow civilization variegation to suit each of the above listed diversenesss. Cultural diverseness may be defined as the assortment of civilizations or human societies in a peculiar part – in our instance the TEG. Cultural diverseness besides refers to the cultural differences that exist between persons such as linguistic communication, frock and traditions, art and interests, moral and spiritual every bit good as the disparities in the manner societies organize themselves. Cultural diverseness is nevertheless hard to quantify but on the other manus it is easy identifiable. There are certain facets of cultural diverseness that deficiency at TEG on top of the deficiency of a diverseness direction plan. TEG does non hold a diverse group of the black employees every bit good as adult females on their staff. This is evidenced by the low per centum of black employees in this company. TEG has besides non taken the advantages that come with the acceptance of cultural diverseness despite being really successful in supplying professional technology services in t he tri-county parts of West Palm Beach, Broward and Miami-Dade. Besides the Human Resource at TEG does non concentrate its attempts on seeking the services of the minorities particularly when advertisement for a occupation place. The occupation advertizements are placed on the web sites or the newspaper ( Keyton, 2005 ) . The companies that have developed cultural diverseness are making really good despite being in the same concern as TEG. The PBS & A ; J is one of those companies that extremely values diverseness. Another illustration of a company that upholds diverseness is the Associated Engineering. This company has a enlisting scheme in topographic point that embraces diverseness by the periodic enlisting thrusts. These thrusts are geared towards capturing the services of immigrants from foreign part such as South Africa, Asia or Australia. In order to turn to these cultural lacks at TEG, the intercessions made must clearly place the demand, prosecute clear aims, make full a legal nothingness, every bit good as supply the appropriate accomplishable solutions by puting assorted norms and criterions. It is hence prerequisite to guarantee that each of the above demands is met for our instance in point-TEG. There are several facets that have led to the cultural diverseness lack at TEG. One of these facets is the deficiency off comprehensive vision on the effects of globalisation on cultural diverseness. In every bit much as TEG may be successful in the proviso of technology consultancy services, the company does non continue the diverseness of cultural look with respect to the mounting globalisation of the economic system. The attack taken by TEG does non encompass cultural diverseness and may be termed as disconnected. This relates to human rights, linguistic communication rights, heritage protection, international cultural cooperation, cultural policies, cultural pluralism every bit good as rational belongings rights. TEG requires understanding on all these demands as it strives to make diverseness within the staff ranks. The company should concentrate on enrolling the minority groups more so the immigrants. These persons have diverse cognition that would be used to the advantage of T EG. The article by Replicon Inc. merely wholly supports this position in â€Å"Employers Embrace Diversity: Immigrants go basis of company growth† . Due to the deficit of engineers and technology professionals TEG is bound to concentrate on the foreign chances for enrolling staff. The system has been adopted by Associated Engineering and it is really working to their advantage ( Hellriegel and Slocum, 2009 ) . Another challenge that could be confronting TEG and could besides be a possible cause of the cultural diverseness lacks realized is the trouble in turn toing the civilization issue caput on. The company seems to be more focussed on the commercial facet as opposed to the cultural diverseness facet. In order to accomplish a reconciliation between the commercial and cultural facets there is demand to openly show the cultural positions. Teg might be enduring from fright of the liberalisation of trade in the universe being hampered by developing cultural diverseness saving policies. However, cultural diverseness look will be critical in the capableness of the company following the alterations that come with globalisation. Therefore the company should subject the commercial issues to civilization jussive moods and therefore prevent commercial facet from ruling the concern. It is merely by cultural diverseness that the company can be able to recognize the commercial facets efficaciously. Teg can be able to advance cultural diverseness guided by the rules discussed below. The company must acknowledge the being of cultural diverseness as an of import tool for accomplishing the commercial aims of the company. Therefore, the company should confirm and acknowledge cultural diverseness at the local, regional and international degrees every bit good as reflecting on the policies brought by this diverseness towards recognizing the ends of the company. The company must besides advance participatory democracy. This means the publicity of heritage representation while including the active input of all the stakeholders. This would be achieved by the usage of dialogue, audience every bit good as engagement. Heritage representation particularly of the employees will actuate them to unwrap their diverse civilizations towards doing the company more successful. TEG must besides concentrate on coordination and cooperation. This means that the company should portion undertakings and promote cultural exchanges in a position of cooperation and coordination. This will guarantee that the company is maximising resources and the available expertness both at a planetary and regional degree. For TEG to accomplish cultural diverseness it must ship on community edifice and peace devising. TEG is bound to acknowledge and appreciate the sense of individuality and topographic point of the diverse persons it may enroll. By appreciating their diverse heritages and furthering a shared position, the spirit of rapprochement and assurance on the multi-cultural employees is built. This will climax in effectual occupation productions and broadening of the concern. Cultural diverseness is besides realized through capacity edifice. The company should be directed to transform and alter as per the multicultural societies that exist about. Finally the company should guarantee the resourcefulness of the diverse cultures it may hold in the signifier of staff. This will guarantee that the company can maximise on the variegation of the resources available to turn to the concerns of cultural economic sciences every bit good as cultural equity. The civilization of an organisation guides the members on how â€Å"work† of the organisation should be conducted. The civilization besides entails the grounds foe being and the aims of the company. Finally cultures in organisation order how persons should associate to each other at the workplace every bit good as to those outside the topographic point of work. As Cox ( 1991 ) illustrates, bias is the look of negative personal attitudes towards persons affiliated to a peculiar cultural group. Discrimination on the other manus involves the discernible inauspicious behaviour directed to members of a peculiar cultural group. Therefore, TEG must guarantee that it protects its resource of diverse cultured employees from these actions. This will take to peaceable and confident working countries. There are several dimensions to cultural diverseness non needfully established at TEG. These are: ethnicity, age, household position, income, Gender, military experience, educational background, sexual orientation, race, Work experience every bit good as societal category. All these dimensions must be considered in the event that TEG might desire to incorporate cultural diverseness by using staff from different civilizations. This is because of the fact that a heterogenous group of persons can merely work together and efficaciously through cooperation and consensus. The company must besides non bury about enrolling the local persons who are qualified for the occupation. This will guarantee the care of civilization within the part where the company operates. Two persons do non needfully have the same sentiment by virtuousness of being in the same cultural group. Therefore in every bit much as variegation should be encouraged integrating with more of the local cultural groups will besides turn out successful. In order to deduce maximal end product from the rich cultural backgrounds, TEG must set up degree playing Fieldss for the different cultural groups. Two qualified persons form the Black community and the White community should hold similar wage bundles as per their makings and occupation experiences. Besides the adult females employed in the company holding similar makings as the work forces should besides be given equal wage bundles. This will advance civilization equality that will heighten occupation production since no cultural group will experience inferior to the other. In any company, the first stage of deducing maximal benefits from diverseness is the development of a conjunct attempt towards what signifiers of cultural diverseness issues within an organisation. The recognition of the being of assorted persons and groups of persons with different cultural backgrounds is an of import measure in this initial stage. The assorted cultural dimensions that exist in PBS & A ; J every bit good as Associated Engineering will be discussed in order to turn to the cultural diverseness issue amicably. PBS & A ; J Corporation has been in the front line in encompassing cultural diverseness within its environments. The inclusion of a web page known as diverseness in their web site will decidedly work good for the advantage of the company. The web page consists of information on diverseness preparation, diverseness consciousness, and affinity groups every bit good as the CDAC-supported professional organisations web pages. This has enabled the company to offer bes t solutions to their patronages and at the same clip increasing their productiveness. The company besides offers diversity developing plan that include a one-day workshop. It is a known fact that the acceptance of cultural diverseness has its ain portion of disadvantages. There will be struggles, nerve-racking state of affairss and sick feelings originating from the acceptance of sub-cultures in these companies. Therefore it is necessary for all the persons to pass on about their cultural differences. However, it is hard to discourse cultural differences without fall backing to stereotypes. In ideal nature, stereotypes do non be. This is because no person is absolutely similar to another and no member of a cultural group can be a ringer of another. Besides, as cultural diverseness develops, the challenge of communicating besides arises. This leads to the necessity for greater attempts that will harbour improved and effectual communicating accomplishments. Therefore, PBS & A ; J Corporation should follow effectual communicating schemes to be use by their multi-cultural employees. This will guarantee that there are no cultural struggles or favoritisms on the footing of civilization. Discussion and consciousness nowadayss a clearer image of cultural diverseness, understanding and appreciating cultural diverseness does non needfully bespeak digesting differences amongst the individuals in a group but it besides involves fostering and back uping them. By back uping and fostering diverseness within the cultural groups, the company will heighten its other aims through sharing of information, thoughts, issues every bit good as civilizations. It has been established that fostering diverseness creates chances for development of character through learning regard and tolerance for persons and advancing the concern for equity. For the company in inquiry to perpetuate and boom, it must back up a culturally-diverse squad that values and esteem all persons from different backgrounds. The acceptance of the position quo of cultural diverseness may confront some challenges but it does non function as alibi for avoiding passage ( Nestor, 1991 ) . The traditional thaw theory has two positions on immigrants who have settled in America. The scheme of immigrant has been adopted by Associated Engineering Corporation and it is working good. There is a high possibility that the immigrants will reside the characters and ways of their old states and intermingle absolutely with the new environment. However there are two false beliefs that are presented by this theory. The first one assumes that the colored Americans will endeavor to be like the white Americans. The 2nd 1 is that the colored people will non happen any importance in following the civilization of the new universe. Those false beliefs nevertheless have been marred by rejection and a batch of contentions. This is because of the impairment of the individual monoculture in today ‘s universe. Many organisations are following a pluralistic work force that continues to germinate through cultural influence and integrating. The Associated Engineering Corporation should guara ntee that the immigrants hired from different civilizations blend good with the dominant Whites civilization in the company. Another facet that was seen as a cultural diverseness lack in TEG is the issue of gender penchant. The company has adult females employees as compared to the work forces population. Therefore, TEG should increase the qualified female employees in their staff. There are other factors that impact the bounds to which diverse civilizations integrate with the bing 1s. The ground for in-migration of the recruited employees influences a batch. The vicinity or background of the immigrants must besides be established. Some immigrants come from cultural or non-ethnic vicinity that might act upon the attitudes of these persons towards cultural diverseness. The socioeconomic position, instruction and the upward growing of these persons should be evaluated so as to set up how good they adapt to the different civilizations they may confront. TEG ‘s mission is built to react to the client ‘s demands by supplying quality services through better direction of the personal resources. Theref ore, to guarantee that this mission is realized, the company should ship on publicity of diverse civilizations.MentionsCox, T. ( 1991 ) . The Multicultural Organization: Academy of Management Executive, vol.5, no.2, pp.34-47. Helen, S. ( 1995 ) . Challenging Students to React to Multicultural Issues: Journal article by Janice Tovey, vol.60, pp.10-11. Hellriegel, D. & A ; Slocum, J.W. ( 2009 ) . Organizational Behavior. Mason, Ohio: South-Western. Nestor, L.G. ( 1991 ) . Pull offing Cultural Diversity in Volunteer Organizations: Voluntary Action Leadership. New York: Springer. Keyton, J. ( 2005 ) . Communication and Organizational Culture: A Key to Understanding Work Experiences. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.

Management Consultancy – Solutions Manual Chapter 19

caution CONSULTANCY Solutions Manual CHAPTER 19 SOURCES OF INTERMEDIATE AND long FINANCING DEBT AND EQUITY I. Questions 1. The bond musical arrangement specifies such basic items as the equating determine, the coupon rate, and the maturity date. 2. The priority of claims lavatory be de termined as follows of age(p) secured debt, junior secured debt, senior debenture, subordinated debenture, preference sh atomic number 18s, fair bicycle regions. 3. Bond conversion. 4. The advantages of debt are a. Interest cave inments are tax deductible. b. The financial obligation is understandably specified and of a fixed nature. . In an inflationary economy, debt may be nonrecreational back with cheaper pesos. d. The use of debt, up to a prudent point, may lower the toll of capital to the firm. The disadvantages are a. Interest and tether payment obligations are set by contract and must be salaried regardless of economic circumstances. b. Bond roughness agreements may place burdens ome restrictions on the firm. c. Debt, utilized beyond a given(p) point, may serve as a depressant on outstanding ordinary offices. 19-1 Chapter 19 Sources of mediate and long-run backing Debt and rightII. Multiple Choice 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. D D D B A C C E D B C D D A D 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. D C B A C A C B B B A A C C B 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. A C D A C C A A D C C A D B C living computations 16. Px = where Px Po N S = = = = survey of a helping5 (Po x N) + ex-rights market value of share rights-on N + 1 number of rights required to procure one share subscription price per share Hence, Px = = = P72 360 (P75 x 4) + P60 5 the term loan 5 18.The following scroll applies for Beginning Balance P5000 Interest x (1 Tc ) P195 19-2 Principal Payment P grand windup Balance P4000 Year 1 Sources of Intermediate and Long-term Financing Debt and truth Chapter 19 2 3 4 5 4000 30 00 2000 gramme 156 117 78 39 1000 1000 1000 1000 3000 2000 1000 -0- The present value of interest afterwards taxes at 12% is calculated to be P453. 49. 19. After the tax benefit, the annual represent of leasing is P1,400 (1 . 35) = P910. The present value annuity agentive role for four years at 12% is 3. 0373.The present value cost of the hold is the cost of the first payment asset the present value of the four time to come payments, or P910 + P910 (3. 0373) = P3,673. 94. 20. The present value annuity factor for five years at 12% is 3. 6048. Therefore, the present value of virtuoso payments is P1,000 (3. 6048) = P3,604. 80. The present value cost of the purchase option is the present value of mind payments or P3,604. 80 plus P453. 49 which equals P4,058. 29. III. Problems PROBLEM 1 (CAM article of furniture COMPANY) a. object 1 10 year 12 percent bonds CAM FURNITURE COMPANY 19-3Chapter 19 Sources of Intermediate and Long-term Financing Debt and comeliness Income P30,000 S tatement For the Year end celestial latitude 31, 2005 3* Estimated sales levels Sales.. P400,000 P600,000 P800,000 540,000 720,000 ope proportionalitynal cost 360,000 Operating income .. 40,000 60,000 80,000 14,000 14,000 Interest charges 14,000 lucre income before taxes . 26,000 46,000 66,000 23,000 33,000 Income taxes . 3,000 P 23,000 P 33,000 realize income. P 13,000 Outstanding shares = = 10,000 * EPS (P36 market value price earnings ratio of 12) clams per share P1. 30 Price-earnings ratio 10 propagation Estimated market value P100,000 P13 33 1/3 Proposal 2 Ordinary share issue to dampen P33-1/3 P2. 30 10 clock P23 P3. 30 10 times P33 CAM FURNITURE COMPANY Income Statement For the Year Ended December 31, 2005 Sales.. Operating costs Operating income ..Interest charges terminate income before taxes . Income taxes . crystallize income. Outstanding shares = Estimated sales levels P400,000 P600,000 P800,000 540,000 720,000 360,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 2,000 2,000 2,00 0 38,000 58,000 78,000 29,000 39,000 19,000 P 29,000 P 39,000 P 19,000 + 10,000 = 13,000 shares Earnings per share Price-earnings ratio Estimated market value P1. 46 12 times P17. 52 19-4 P2. 23 12 times P26. 76 P3. 00 12 times P36. 00Sources of Intermediate and Long-term Financing Debt and uprightness Chapter 19 b. Within the constraints of this problem, devil likely objectives emerge profits maximation as mensural by earnings per share and wealth maximization as barroomd by the price of the ordinary shares. If profit maximization is used, the firm should choose to pay the radical product by change bonds, since earnings per share is high for from each one of the three levels of sales. On the other hand, wealth maximization would require the sale of new ordinary shares because share price is higher at each sales level.Wealth maximization is the favourite(a) criterion for financial ending making. Unlike profit maximization, it represents a measure of the total benefits stream to be enjoyed by the shareholders, adjusted for both the timing of benefits and the jeopardize associated with the receipt thereof. A criterion that ignores these two important determinants of value cannot be anticipate to provide a proper give to decision making. Because wealth maximization is the preferred objective, the sale of ordinary shares is the recommended finance technique. c.Proposal 2 would still be the choice, because the market value remains above that of Proposal 1. The deflexion is getting smaller, however, which means that Proposal 1 would become attractive if sales reached a higher level (approximately P1. 6 million). d. The investment funds banker would suggest that lower price-earnings ratio with debt financing is a reflection of the greater returns demanded by shareholders in compensation for the variability in earnings and higher risk of failure created by the fixed commitment to pay debt interest and principal.PROBLEM 2 (FAYE INDUSTRIES, INC. ) Fay e Industries Inc. Pro Forma merge Income Statement Including Earnings per plebeian mete out and Return on honest Common Shareholders Equity For the Year Ending November 30, 2006 (P000 omitted draw off per share amounts) (1) Issuing (2) Selling Long-term Preference (3) Selling Ordinary 19-5 Chapter 19 Sources of Intermediate and Long-term Financing Debt and Equity Bonds P12,978 1,273 1,530 2,083 10,175 4,070 6,105 Shares P12,978 1,273 1,273 11,705 4,682 7,023 1,658 5,365 55,028 P60,393 Shares P12,978 1,273 1,273 11,705 4,682 7,023Earnings before interest and taxes Interest on Current debt (P13,395 x 9. 5%) election 1 (P15,300 x 10%) amount of money interest Income before income tax Income taxes (40%) Net income Preference share dividends (P15,300,000 P120) x 13% Earnings available to common shareholders amount Common shareholders equity December 1, 1999 Equity financing Common shareholders equity November 30, 2000 Average common shares outstanding (in thousands) December 1, 1 999 chemical equilibrium Additional issued December 1 add (and comely) shares outstanding Pro forma earnings per share (P6,105 P0) 26,330 (P7,023 P1,658) 26,330 (P7. 23 P0) 33,980 6,105 55,028 P61,133 7,023 55,028 15,300 P77,351 26,330 26,330 26,330 26,330 26,330 7,650 33,980 = = = P0. 2319 P0. 2038 P0. 2067 Estimated return on average common shareholders equity P6,105 (P55,028 P61,133) 2 = P5,365 (P55,028 P60,393) 2 = P7,023 (P70,328 P77,351) 2 = 10. 51% 9. 30% 9. 511% 19-6

Case Study for Emotional & Retional Manager Essay

In philosophy, rationality is the char playeristic of any action, belief, or desire, that manufactures their prime(a) a necessity. It is a normative concept of think in the sense that rational people should hail conclusions in a consistent way presumptuousness the information at disposal. It refers to the conformity of whiz and lvirtuoso(prenominal)(a)s beliefs with ones reasons to believe, or with ones actions with ones reasons for action. However, the term rationality tends to be used differently in different disciplines, including specialized discussions of economics, sociology, psychology, and political science. A rational finish is one that is non skillful reasoned, simply is excessively optimal for achieving a goal or solving a line.Rational Manager Character analysis absurd and illogical management causes unt over-the-hill losses alone year all over the world. Managers argon nonrecreational to f be logical, financially viable decisions and solve occupations employ good judgment to facilitate the smooth operate of the operation. Reasoning is an signifi basist address, which anyone whoremonger acquire by a short formal education. It is one of the intimately important factors in qualification rational decisions. The absence seizure of conscientious, systematic paradox analysis and decision making causes inefficiency and waste of resources. It too results in failure to forwardness clear objectives and performance measuring rods. Successful passenger cars innovation their group meeting for optimal mathematical productivity. Meetings must(prenominal)(prenominal)iness be well form and reignled conflicts from the agenda must not be tolerated. running(a) meetings must be meanned to inform glaring and file.Suggestions must be solicited and duly studied. The definition of chore is an unwanted effect, nearlything to be oppo observed or take away, that which grassnot be resolved forrader establishing its cause. E ge nuinely problem, al almost evermore, has only one cause. Problem solving must follow a logical process and on the alert analysis. It rents skill to apply theory to practice. A correct decision in one operation whitethorn prove to be less effective, even senseless in another. The decision shaping forge must be fully familiar with the operation, problem atomic number 18a and employees involved. unaccompanied correct and relevant information must be used in decision-making. Good film directors always judge daily, the effectiveness of their decision to instal corrections.Often, managers make the most convenient, just now poor and costly decisions. Poor decisions may appear to solve a problem, but last the problem will reappear with much(prenominal)(prenominal) annihilative repercussions. Young, inexperienced managers desire on technology, and conveniently barricade (ignore) the importance of human factors like service standard, product timberland, plate presentatio n and guest satisfaction, all of which evokenot be quantified and must be fine-tuned eternally. A manager must know precisely the level of performance of all employees. In in truth large operations, general managers rely on division managers to make decisions on their behalf, and wherefore provide guidance when incorrect reasoning was employed. countervail decisions can be made based only on facts.Problem solving and analysis ar two entirely different processes. A problem indicates deviation from the standard, and usually a transmute of some kind causes it. In vow to analyses a problem, vii steps are unavoidable Established standards A problem is caused by a deviation from the standard The deviation must be identified, accurately fit(p) and described There is always something distinguishing to the highest degree the deviation from the standard The cause of the problem is an unwanted change Possible causes are deduced from changes established The deviation(s) explai ns the cause(s) A problem may arrest several solutions. The decision maker must select the best which is linked to the regularise of his/her experience.Here are the steps required to make a good decisions Establish objectives, Classify objectives and grade Develop options, Evaluate alternatives against objectives Select the best alternative Test alternatives (if possible) for possible unfavorable consequences Control adverse effects by pickings affirmative action.Managers require standards to follow. If unavailable, they must develop them and seek the approval of their superior. distributively problem must be solved individually. several(prenominal) problems (related or not) cannot be solved simultaneously, and jumping from one to another may be an exercise in futility. If several problems exist, all must be prioritized and solved in sequence. Vaguely described and/or perceive problems cannot be solved satisfactorily. A ballpark error is jumping to conclusions. Incorrect i dentification of a problem leads to wrong decisions, and eventually to a major crisis. Managers must be able to anticipate capability problems promoting a line spirter to a supervisory target requires collect diligence. The background of the individual must be checked thoroughly, and his/her decision making skills verified before the promotion.RATIONAL VERSUS EMOTIONAL DECISION MAKING (3) human master creative thinker police detectives cede determined that the more that is on ones foreland, thus the more plausibly one will make an delirious decision rather than a rational one. Could this provide an story why so many decisions by managers and employees cut through to seem irrational? As background, the brain researchers conducted an test asking people to memorize a series of numbers in sequence ranging from two to 7 numbers. After given their numbers all the individuals had to do was walk down the hall to a live and write the numbers down. But at that place was a ca tch. As the subjects walked down the hall another researcher interrupted them and offered a gift for participating of some(prenominal) a humankind of chocolate cake or an attractive bowl of fruit. The results were affect (and very statistically significant). Those with the least numbers to memorize chose the fruit whereas those with more numbers chose the cake.Why is this? The brain researchers have find that the human brain has two parts a rational deliberate subsection and an emotional one. The challenger between the two is fierce. When the mind load is light, as with those people choreed to memorize only two numbers, their intelligent mind ruled the healthy fruit was more appropriate than the high calorie cake. In contrast, when the brain is more filled with items, emotion wins over reason. allows put this finding into the context of straightaways work world. How many managers are constantly juggling many priorities? All of them. You are too. For example, should I firs t reply to that e-mail, edit and finalize that typography imputable, phone that colleague, read that blog or twitter, or analyze that report? When one has these types of to-do items, as a decision is thrust upon them, it is not surprising the choice is an emotional one? As examples, our largest client just requested a special service.Should we consecrate them for it? Our most unreliable supplier just disoriented another due date. Should we replace them with another supplier? You could contestation each of those decisions either way. But if your mind is distracted with a dozen other priorities and no time to debate, it is conceivable the emotional brain section might overrule the rational one. Decisions deserve analysis. The boundary line for error is thinner these days, and what we hump with daily is more complex than a decade ago. The tools for business analytics have now become available for even the workaday user. Read my article Why Will telephone circuit Analytics Be t he Next Competitive Edge? If organizations hold water becoming a culture for analytics and metrics then the grapheme of their decisions will jeopardized.Case StudyThis role was happened in 2002 in one of Egyptian force mill, the production sector took a decision to grease ones palms a certain production mould for producing a very complicated work piece, and this work piece will be used in a military device. This machine is very expensive and also very accurate, so the lead had to be legitimate that this machine will be suitable for the required work piece and also will contact the accuracy required, in order to do so, the electric chair stipulated a strange condition in the produce of the machine to accept it from the seller, this condition simply is the factory will never transfer the money of the machine to the seller unless the machine not only delivered and installed but also after producing the first required work piece, and this produced work piece must be employ to measuring tests and pass through timberland guarantee procedureswhich is according to the German Standards (DIN).The head asked the tone ascendance manager to induce a full plan to apply the measuring tests, that plan must expand the group, equipments used, strategy and measuring operations, once the quality control manager got the order he called for meeting to make a discussions with the sectors member closely the required plan and to take their opinion nigh who will be in this group. in any case the quality control manager had to determine a police squad drawing card for this mission, he had two choices, first one is an old engineer working in the quality control sector for many years and has very good and punishing connections to all people in the quality control sector, second one is offspring engineer worked for just two years in the quality control sector but on the other hand he considered expert due to his advanced studies in the university in these type o f tests and mea sure as shootingments.The quality control manager chose the old engineer to be the team attraction. After submission the plan to the chairman to confirm, he accepted the plan but he changed the team leader and chose the young engineer due to his background knowledge. The quality control manager was very surprised and tries to change the chairmans mind but he could not. The quality control manager called for another meeting for the sector in order to explain the reasons of changing the team leader and also to influence the team members accepting the new leader. compendIn this case study we are patently about two different manager styles. The chairman consider rational manager by the believe of word, he is always task oriented and way on how to extend to target whatever happened, this can be seen in how he made the deal with the machine seller, materially the above condition in the contract considered strange condition and not common at all in this type of busin ess, but he did not care about what normally used and also did not care about rules, he just want to make sure that the expensive machine he bought will do his work piece accurately. From another point of keep an eye on he asked the quality control manager to construct the working plan for tests, this is to insure that the all process will be under control, where the decision of machine acceptance or rejection depends only on these tests.Also as he task oriented and always studding his option carefully he changed the team leader of the plan, as he believe that this is the way to achieve goal, and he did not care about team members, old team leader and also the quality control manager. On the other hand we have the quality control manager which considered emotional manager as seen, once he has been asked to construct the tests plan immediately he called for a meeting to do so, also his way to determine the team leader he used his intuition to avoid ado in work may had been caused b y the old engineer, he did not care about task accuracy, he did not care about how important was the mission and chose the old engineer just to be safe and away from troubles. Also when the chairman changed the team leader he called for another meeting just to give excuses to the old team leader, and also to make a discussion with the team member to convince them with the new leader.CONCLUSION (2)The ancient philosophical debate about whether ethics is primarily a social occasion of reason or emotion has spilled over into psychology, where there is much current discussion about the temperament of estimable thinking. But sufficiently rich theories of induction and emotion can clarify how moral judgments at their best should be both rational and emotional. How can we do the right thing? People are sometimes told Be rational, not emotional. Such advice adopts the far-flung assumption that reason and emotion are opposites. This impedance is particularly acute in ethics, where philo sophers and psychologists have gigantic debated the relative roles in ethical thinking of solicit inference and emotional intuitions. This debate concerns both the descriptive q Adjudicating this debate requires an evidence-based theory of emotions that mediates between two tralatitious theories the cognitive idea view that takes emotions to be judgments about the accomplishment of ones goals, and the physiological detection view that takes emotions to be reactions to changes in ones body.The cognitive appraisal view is compatible with the potential rationality of emotion, because the truth or falsity of judgments can be evaluated. On the other hand, the physiological detection view puts emotions on the non-rational side, since bodily reactions are not susceptible to reason. I have argued for a tax deduction of the two views of emotion. The brain is capable of simultaneously acting both cognitive appraisal and bodily perception, and emotional consciousness results from this combination. If the integrated view is correct, we can see how emotions can be both rational, in world based at least sometimes on good judgments about how well a business office accomplishes appropriate goals, and visceral, providing motivations to act. Some emotions are beautifully rational, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as love for people who add abundant value to our lives, whereas other emotions can be irrational, such as attachment to abusive partners.Ethical judgments are often highly emotional, when people express their strong approval or disapproval of various acts. Whether they are also rational depends on whether the cognitive appraisal that is part of emotion is done well or badly. Emotional judgments can be flawed by many factors, such as ignorance about the actual consequences of actions and neglect of relevant goals, such as taking into account the needs and interests of all people affected. go game Smith is sometimes taken as preaching a gospel of self-interest, but his work on moral sentiments emphasized the need for ethics to be based on sympathy for other people. and then the emotions involved in ethical thinking can be rational when they are based on careful consideration of a full range of appropriate goals, including altruistic ones. Ideally, this consideration should mesh with a visceral reaction that provides a motivation to act well and correct injustices. Being good requires both thinking and feeling. Question about how people truly do think when they are making ethical judgments and the normative question of how they should think.References1 http//www.foodreference.com/html/artrationalmanager.html 2 http//www.psychologytoday.com/blog/hot-thought/201006/ethical-thinking-should-berational-and-emotional 3 http//smartdatacollective.com/garycokins/23935/rational-versus-emotional-decision-making